Vitis vinifera is the scientific name for the common grapevine species native to the Mediterranean region, central Europe, and southwestern Asia. It is the primary species used for producing most of the world’s wine, table grapes, and raisins. Vitis vinifera includes thousands of grape varieties, such as Shiraz (Syrah), Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, and many more. The species is prized for its high-quality fruit and its adaptability to different climates and soils, making it the cornerstone of global viticulture and winemaking.